Essay about The History of the Salem Witch Trial in 1692

There was a point in our history when people believed in witches. If you were accused as a witch, you would be tried, most of the time found guilty, and hanged. These events happened in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. During the Salem witch trials in 1692, more women were accused than men. At the same time, women were also accusers. Many things could have caused women to be accused and accusers. These included, the stories Tituba told, the effects of Ergot Poisoning, Hysteria and the hunger for Power. During this time, the young girls (Elizabeth Parris, and Abigail Williams) started having fits. This was after Tituba told stories about demons and witches to them. These fits were similar to the fits one would have gotten if poisoned with†¦show more content†¦He diagnosed them bewitched. After the girls were announced bewitched, they started to accuse different people. Elizabeth accused Tituba. Tituba refused to be a witch at her trial, but later she confessed that she was one. She also claimed that there were secret witch groups all around Salem. Tituba’s confession, probably sent hysteria, and panic all around Salem. The effects Ergot poisoning could have been one of the causes of the Salem witch trials. Ergot grows in certain weather conditions. There has to be a cold winter followed by a wet spring. This was the case in Salem. If you were to get poisoned by Ergot, you experience many different symptoms. Some of the symptoms include muscle spasms, paranoia, hallucinations, trembling, shaking, and twisting of the neck and body. All of these symptoms were found in Abigail, Elizabeth, and all the other girls clamming to be possessed. There are many ways you could’ve gotten poisoned by Ergot. You could get Ergot poisoning by eating Ergot infected rye (bread), and by touching it with your fingers. Women in Salem were expected to cook and do house chores. In order to prepare rye flour, you had to touch it with your fingers. Scientists proved that ergot infected rye could survive the baking process. Since more women were handling the rye, they were more prone to get infected by it. This might have been why more women were accused and accusers than men. Hysteria could have been one of the things thatShow MoreRelatedThe Salem Witch Trials Of 16921281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a sequence of hearings, prosecutions, and hangings of people who were thought to be involved in witchcraft in Massachusetts. These trials occurred between February 1692 and May 1693(The Salem Witch Trials, 1692. ). The Trials resulted in the execution of twenty people, in fact, most of them were women. The first of the trials began in several towns in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, such as Salem Village (currently known as Danvers), Salem Town, Ipswich, and Andover(SalemRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1358 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller in 1953. The movie story deals with the Salem, Massachusetts hysteria in 1692 with an irrational fear of the devil. Witch hunts and false accusations resulted. Trials took place and resulted in the hanging and associated death of more than 20 people and the false imprisonment of many others. B. The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft. â€Å"From June through September of 1692, nineteen men and women, all having been convicted ofRead MoreThe Causes Of The Salem Witch Trials Of 1692700 Words   |  3 PagesSalem Witch Trials DBQ   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How would you feel if your life was ruined just because you were considered unfit for society? This is exactly what was going on during the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Prior to the trials, there were witch hunts that caused global unease mainly to Protestant societies. King Philip’s War also contributed to this unease by pushing people from the east coast and into Puritan towns. These towns had misogynistic male leadership, depriving many people of humanity becauseRead MoreMany Years Ago People Have Wonder About Witches And What1348 Words   |  6 Pageswonder about witches and what they do. Salem, Massachusetts held one of the biggest witch trials in history since 1692 but yet have never found the rea-son why it was started in the first place. Researchers have discovered some information about those witches throughout the years. Still they have not figured out what was the whole rea-son behind the trials in 1692 and after thos e trials a lot more trials were more secretive unlike the Salem witches tri-als in 1692. New England, home of the biggest witchesRead MoreSalem Witch Trials : Witchcraft Trials1726 Words   |  7 PagesSalem Witch Trials Flaming sermons, bewitched girls, accusations being thrown here and there, and executions terrified colonists during the Salem witch trials. The Salem witch trials are well known, but they are not the first in America and are very small compared to other witch hunts. In 1648 Margaret Jones was hanged for witchcraft in Massachusetts (Brooks). In Europe 110,000 people were questioned during the 1300s to the 1700s, and 40,000 to 60,000 people were executed (New World Encyclopedia)Read MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : Crisis1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials: Crisis in Salem Village Many people know of the Salem witch trials that took place in Salem, Massachusetts in the year 1692 spilling over into the year 1693. But for those who do not know, the Salem witch trials were a series of trials against men, women, and children accused of being a witch and or practicing witchcraft. In â€Å"The Devils Snare: The Salem Witch Trials of 1692† by Mary Beth Norton, the author recollects the stories of real life accounts of those accusers andRead MoreAbdeali Dalal. Dr. Jenkins. History 1301. February 13,1541 Words   |  7 Pages Abdeali Dalal Dr. Jenkins History 1301 February 13, 2017 â€Å"Escaping Salem; The Other Witch Hunt of 1692† â€Å"Escaping Salem; The Other Witch hunt of 1692† was penned and published by Richard Godbeer in 2005. Godbeer expressed his views on what he called basic witch trials in Salem and more importantly, in Stamford, Connecticut Massachusetts. The same year that Salem witch hunt and trials began in 1692, another witch hunt took place in Stamford, the Western Connecticut to when a woman (ElizabethRead MoreReformation Paper : Salem Witch Trials1368 Words   |  6 PagesReformation Paper: Salem Witch Trials The reformation housed many impressive inventions such as the creation of gunpowder and the printing press along with many divisions like wars and radical religious ideas. The reformation was a period in history that caused many changes to the way Christianity operated forcing many communities to re-divide themselves among different religious loyalties. People like Martin Luther and John Calvin questioned their religion and aspects of the way the greedy and corruptRead MoreThe Causes of the Salem Witch Hunt Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesThe Causes of the Salem Witch Hunt Many American colonists brought with them from Europe a notion in witches and an intrigue with alleged manipulation with the devil. During the seventeenth century, people were executed for witchcraft all over the colonies, chiefly in Massachusetts. Various of the accused were women, inducing some recent historians to recommend that charges of witchcraft were a way of dominating women who endangered the present economic and social orderRead MoreEssay about Witchcraft in Salem1406 Words   |  6 PagesWitchcraft in Salem In the past, the word Salem has always been somewhat synonymous with the infamous witch trials. Thanks to works such as Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible†, many people find it hard not to envision a community torn apart by chaos, even though Miller’s play was not so much about the witch trials but instead a commentary on the rampant McCarthyism going on at the time he wrote it. Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum, however, see a very different picture when the Salem witch trials are mentioned

criminology Essay - 941 Words

This essay is going to discuss the causes of crime and evaluate the theories of criminalisation using one theory for each of the following themes. The themes are labelling and deviant identity of criminalisation, theory of delinquency and criminalisation, theory of political economy and criminalisation, and finally radical theory of criminalisation. This essay will also show some of the weaknesses of each of the theories used for these themes. The first theme is labelling and deviant identity theory of criminalisation, one of the main contributors to this theory was Howard Becker who in 1963 wrote the book â€Å"Outsiders† which provided the foundations of labelling theory. Becker looked at how social groups created deviance by creating the†¦show more content†¦Sykes and Matza state that there is five contributory factors to the rationalisation process these are â€Å" denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of the victim, condemnation of the condemners, and appeal to the higher loyalties.† Denial of responsibility is when a delinquent will blame another group for his criminal act such as his parents did not give them a good upbringing or his school let him down, they look at themselves as the victim. Denial of injury is when they rationalise there action because nobody was hurt, for example vandalism or shoplifting from a large store chain who they believe can afford the lose. Denial of the victim is when they state that the victim deserved it. Condemnation of the condemners they blame the other group for there actions and try to deflect responsibility and appeal to higher loyalties they are fighting for the ethical good. Chambliss and Snider state that capitalism is the main contributor to delinquency as we strive to achieve personal wealth and gain an individual who does not achieve this feel justified in delinquent behaviour. Theory of political economy and criminalisation this looks at how capitalism can shape delinquent and deviant behaviour. Chambliss argues : â€Å"The heart of the capitalist economic system is the protection of private property, which is, by definition, the cornerstone upon which capitalist economies function. It is not surprising, then to find that criminal law reflects this basicShow MoreRelatedCriminology1427 Words   |  6 Pages(Siegal, 2010) (McLaughlin amp; Muncie, 2005) Criminology 211 Essay This essay topic consists of two main components. 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It is centred on the ‘act’ rather than the ‘offender’, as well as the use of punishment as a deterrence. Yet whilst classical criminology has evolved slightly over time, it’s narrow minded f ocus on the ‘offence’ rather than the ‘offender’ can result in the overlooking of crucial details that may haveRead MoreCriminology Courses : Criminology Course906 Words   |  4 PagesI enrolled in the Introduction to Criminology course to help improve my understanding of criminology. We are about a month into the course and I have learned a great deal about criminology. Firstly, I had some preconceptions related to criminology that have changed. I developed these preconceptions towards criminology as I grew up through various forms of my interaction with media, family, and friends. Secondly, I have learned that statistics don’t represent crime realistically, which causes someRead MoreDisorganization Theory Of Criminology And Criminology Essay1789 Words   |  8 PagesDisorganization theory of criminology Name Institution Disorganization theory of criminology Borski, J., and Harold. (1995). Social disorganization theory: influence of society and environment to crime: New York: Lexington. The two researchers use data from the Lexington library to determine how the environment people live in can influence their behaviors. It means that the social organization theory focuses on the effect of society towards crime. 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The Children From Immigrant Families - 1865 Words

Children from immigrant families are less likely to attend Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) programs than their native counterparts, based on language barriers, bureaucratic complexity, and distrust of government programs, especially among undocumented immigrants (Karoly Gonzalez, 2011). This continued distrust of government programs, I believe, is the problem that impedes immigrant parents from enrolling their children into ECCE programs despite the possibilities of them being qualify for government subsidies. After conversations with clients at our Head Start Center, based on goals set upon registration, four out of five (80%) of parents questioned did not keep up with the goals out of fear of repercussions due to their or their children’s immigration status. Eighty percent were so fearful, that even the possibilities of applying for medical insurance or food subsidies were never explored for their family. However, when questioned on their own knowledge of the p rogram and what it entailed, 100% of the parents questioned really did not fully understand the program, but was referred by other immigrants within their ethnic group. According to research cited by Karoly Gonzalez, (2011), among immigrant children under age eighteen, 28% are in linguistically isolated families (minimal to no English speakers), 26% families with no high school diploma and 22 % below the poverty line families. This they posited causes a problem for immigrant children, inShow MoreRelatedImmigrating to Canada639 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Emigrating from ones country to another causes many changes in the emigrating family, which can be dealt in a variety of manners. It has been demonstrated that the immigrants have a tough time adjusting into the country they have moved to. Each member of the immigrated families have an impact of moving in a different manner, for instance, children of such families have to keep the family rituals and customs while balancing out their school life on different scales. This literature reviewRead MoreImmigrant Families And The Parent Child Relationship Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagesexamining immigrant families and the parent-child relationship. The population of first and second generation immigrant children in the United States grew by 51 percent between 1995 and 2014 (Child Trends, 2014, p. 3). According to the Migration Policy Institute, about 88 percent of immigrant children are born in the U.S (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014). While some immigrant children and their families are able t o adjust to the United States smoothly, there is still a huge percentage of immigrant childrenRead MoreA Study On The Mental Health Of Bilinguals1703 Words   |  7 Pagesamongst 14-15-year-old immigrants from over 30 different countries of origin (Mood, Jonsson, and Là ¥ftman, 2016). The study administered questionnaires and tests to students from 480 schools and consisted of both immigrants and majority participants. The researchers found that immigrant youths have better mental health than the majority. This suggests that there is a correlation between policies of welfare states, the country of origin, and the mental health of the children. A longitudinalRead MoreJoy Luck Club Themes Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagestimes of the four mothers. Each mother had come from china because the Japanese were causing damage and destruction across China. This is very like the article named, â€Å"U.S. Appetite for Mexico’s Drugs Fuels Illegal Immigration.†, about immigrants coming from Mexico into the U.S., due to all the drug trafficking because of the cartel in Mexico and the multiple border states across the U.S... the immigration in the novel is very like the immigration from Mexico due to the cartel. While the Japanese inRead MoreThe Dream Act And Daca Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pages In the United States, there are countless affected families due to the Dream Act’s failure to pass. The Dream Act would have given many undocumented children the ability to have a pathway to citizenship. Proponents of The Dream Act believed in the social support within the family by supporting family unification. How ever, due to its failure to pass, millions of undocumented children are now at risk of being extradited and having their families separated. Although the U.S. government created a newRead MoreShould Undocumented Immigrants Be Deported?1196 Words   |  5 Pagesundocumented immigrants be allowed to live in the U.S without the fear of being deported and losing their families? Undocumented immigrants who move to the U.S to help give a better life to their families should not worry about being deported. Undocumented immigrants risk their lives crossing boarders, just to give their families a better life. Not all undocumented are rapists, drug traffickers or any of the other things Donald Trump has said about the undocumented immigrant. Undocumented immigrant lawsRead MoreEssay about Immigrants Are Americans Too1405 Words   |  6 Pagespoorer health among new immigrants to the United States. One of the main provisions of the PRWORA was that it repealed Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and replaced it with Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF).Before the enactment of TANF and the appeal of the AFDC, legal immigrants were eligible for the assistance under the same guidelines as citizens. This changed after the welfare reform; the PRWORA and TANF made it more difficult for immigrants to receive any form of socialRead More Parenting Across Cultures Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesParents have their beliefs and practices when rearing their children, they share their customs and beliefs with their families to guide and support their families. Parents hope to share their practices from generation to generation, however when immigrants relocate other to countries they adapt to new ways of living (Two Parents, 2009). Immigrants relocate to provide their families with financial stability and better education. Some immigrants face obstacles when they relocate t o North America, suchRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1624 Words   |  7 Pagesillegal immigrants in the Unites States, opponents of illegal immigration dispute that concept of granting amnesty to these immigrants. These arguments include that certain jobs will be stolen, and an increase in crime rate would develop. Despite the fact that illegal immigration is controversial, recent studies and social trends have shown that granting amnesty to illegal immigrants would be beneficial to the country because illegal immigrants would strengthen our economy, illegal immigrant familiesRead MoreMexican American, Chinese American And Vietnamese American1519 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority of these immigrants come from the humblest sectors of their society on average they have only a few years of schooling or no schooling, limited urban job skills and little or no knowledge of English. Immigrants to the United States are usually called first-generation Americans, regardless of their citizenship status, and their children second-generation Americans. The difference between the pervious generation and second generation is that pervious generation immigrants conflicted between

Discuss the Relative Importance of Physical and Human Factors in Accounting for Changes to Vegetation over Time Within Ecosystems in the British Isles free essay sample

SoilDiscuss the relative importance of physical and human factors in accounting for changes to vegetation over time within ecosystems in the British Isles (40 marks) The British Isles can be found in the Northern Hemisphere where deciduous forest is the main biome. Here physical and human factors have accounted for changes to the vegetation for many years. Human factors can include tourism, agriculture, urbanisation, interception and deforestation. Physical factors can be such things as natural disasters, succession and diseases. The human factor of interception can vary between many situations. For example, humans can intercept and alter the vegetation through predator control. By reducing the predators which feed upon that particular vegetation encourages the flora to grow and provide habitats or food for another species. This takes place in the Lake District where at times too many sheep graze upon the heather which reduces the amount of food for nesting birds such as Lapwing, Curlew and Merlin. As a control humans intercept by limiting the amount of sheep within the areas and even with other animals such as foxes that are also reducing and altering the vegetation to the area by either culling them or simply removing them. Humans may also stabilise sand dunes as a method of interception allowing vegetation such as Marram Grass to thrive. This factor overall can be very positive; predator control (although it is preventing the climax community forming) allows rare ecosystems such as heather moorland to thrive and through stabilising the sand dunes vegetation is allowed to reach climatic climax continuing to Oak Woodland, this occurs in Ainsdale upon Sefton Coast. This human factor allows the physical factor of succession to take place with the area reaching Oak Woodland allows further biodiversity and creates many more habitats for a variety of species but also benefits humans directly by providing protection to housing properties and other infrastructure from the harsh winds coming off the sea. Through the human process of urbanisation all vegetation upon the area to be built on is depleted. This is a major factor accounting for the changes in vegetation over the years. Since the 19th Century transport has developed with the formation of roads, railroads and further on to motorways. A major reason for this is that all the countries of the British Isles are known as MEDCs. They are able to afford such advances and continue to develop hence leading on to increased urbanisation through building metropolis’ and increased housing to meet the demand of a high population. An increased population also leads to increased car usage in MEDCs resulting in larger amounts of pollutants being released into the atmosphere. An example of one of these pollutants being emitted into the atmosphere from industrial practises can be sulphur oxides. These can condense within clouds, be transported across to anywhere in the British Isles and once fully condensed the precipitate formed is acid rain. The acid rain has a negative effect upon all types of vegetation. Many trees- 1 in 4-lose around 25% of their leaves when acid rain falls and the likes of lichens, mosses and fungi are intolerant to the high pH levels so deplete immediately. Acid rain, a human and physical factor combined, alters the vegetation of an area in the British Isles drastically very quickly. It also takes a long time to restore the previous state in the ecosystem. Another alteration to land use other than urbanisation is the change and increase in agricultural practises. This is a human factor which creates deflected succession by halting the ecosystem disabling it to reach its climatic climax. However, not only is succession deflected, the vegetation has to be completely cleared from the area to provide space and nutrients for the crops to be grown. This decreases the biodiversity of the area as the ecosystem can no longer support many of its native species as their habitats have been reduced. Farmers then go and place herbicides and pesticides upon the crops which can end up polluting the area and altering the vegetation of the ecosystem even further or worse, a neighbouring ecosystem. For example, the chemicals could leak into a local water supply through surface runoff and eutrophication could occur. This is where an algae bloom takes place resulting in the depletion of oxygen disabling plants such as pondweed to respire and therefore die. These then decompose and with a high build up of toxic chemicals the fish of the freshwater lake or pond then die too. A physical factor which can alter the vegetation of an ecosystem within the British Isles can be natural disasters. There are a range of natural disasters that take place all over the world but the ones most common in the British Isles are forest fires, floods and earthquakes. Irrespective that the value on the Richter scale is usually quite low a lot of vegetation can still be disrupted. Small plants can be uprooted and even fallen debris from damaged properties can fall upon an ecosystem and damage the already existing plants resulting in another physical factor-secondary succession- leading to other species colonising the land and becoming the dominant species. In addition, forest fires and floods act in a similar way. For example, in 2004 in Boscastle there was severe flooding which resulted from a large amount of precipitation that the water basin just couldn’t hold. This led to increased surface runoff and high saturation of the soil, decreasing it stability. With much of the soil now being washed away, nutrients included, the vegetation previously there became depleted and died out. When such a thing like this takes place and no plants survive the cause is called the arresting factor. Some industrial practises can also be arresting factors. Clear-felling of a forest is where the whole area is completely uprooted and removed for industrial use such as furniture manufacturing resulting in increased soil erosion and decreased nutrients available to those pioneer communities aiming to colonise the area to create a new ecosystem. It also disrupts the regulation of the water cycle and the carbon stores. Fragmentation also occurs so not only is the process affecting the plant succession also the population dynamics and the food chains within the fauna. An example of where this all takes place is Bradfield Woods, Suffolk. Another industrial practise (human factor) which alters the vegetation is coppicing. It is a deforestation practise where 20-25 year rotation cycles are set up allowing great biodiversity within the ecosystem as many sections of the forest are at different stages of succession. However, if left unmanaged succession is allowed to take place and equilibrium is reached resulting in much of the light being blocked by taller trees disabling smaller shrubs and carpet plants to grow decreasing the biodiversity. Coastal erosion can take the form of both human and physical factors. It will occur naturally through the tidal systems of the seas but its rate is increased through the use of water sports such as speedboats, yachts, kayaks, etc. by humans. These increase the rate of depletion of mudflats and sand dunes leading to alterations in the vegetation of the local ecosystem. These both are natural protection barriers of the flora biodiversity and without them many habitats will be lost and species reduced. It’s the opportunity to carry out such activities as the variety of water sports that attracts people to the area resulting to increased tourism. This then leads to soil erosion through people walking along the coast or within the forest and even riding their bikes or horses around the area. Blow out can be caused by horse-riding, biking and walking. This erosion can be known as an ‘arresting factor’. The factor stops plant succession before it can achieve dynamic equilibrium. ‘Blow out’ can lead to the destruction of dunes which disables species such as Marram Grass with a complex rooting system to grow as the depth of the sand will decrease. This impact has initially been started from human factors but has been amplified by the physical factors of strong wind. Diseases are yet another major contributor to altering the vegetation of an ecosystem in the British Isles. These can be brought in from other countries via trading or can occur naturally. For example, Ash Dieback has proven to be very common in the east of England in the last few months resulting in many trees having to be deforested before the disease spread further to neighbouring trees in the ecosystem. This reduction in trees decreases the amount of habitats for the specific fauna and flora to the ecosystem (deciduous woodland), decreasing the biodiversity. Finally, global warming can alter the vegetation of an ecosystem within the British Isles. The increased temperature over the last few decades has altered the usual patterns of seasons. The Bluebell species usually comes out at the very start of spring as temperatures are beginning to warm up from the harsh, cold winter conditions and are then followed by those species requiring warmer temperatures to flower. However, due to the increased temperatures the Bluebell is being outcompeted by those that usually follow it and is now on the decrease. As plants can’t adapt as fast as animals do to changes within their environment we run the risk of species becoming extinct due to global warming. On the other hand, new species may develop if the climate of the British Isles does continue to change drastically and could lead to the increase in biodiversity of a specific ecosystem. In conclusion, both physical and human factors have a clear role in altering the vegetation of the ecosystems within the British Isles. Much of it is unnecessary and could be made more sustainable; this is shown by the reduction in the deforestation by the method of clear-felling and instead replacing it with coppicing and also ‘Plant a Tree’ schemes replacing three for every one cut down. As long as we can monitor and maintain the levels of high biodiversity in the ecosystems and prevent species from becoming extinct then an overall positive outcome can be reached. Both physical and human factors are highly significant to the importance of accounting for the alterations within the ecosystems of the British Isles.